When Lincoln took office, the main role of the federal government was to deliver mail. The government also conducted foreign policy, defended the frontier with a small army, and collected import duties, but primarily, Washington was a post office. By the end of the Civil War, the government supported an army of a million men, carried a national debt of $2.5 billion, distributed public lands, printed a national currency, and collected an array of internal taxes. (p. 302) David Goldfield’s brilliant history of the Civil War is the best one-volume analysis of our tragic conflict that I’ve ever read. Goldfield shows how the build-up to the Civil War happened. He details the major events of the Civil War without getting bogged down in just a litany of battles (although his vivid descriptions of the carnage will cause your stomach to churn). There’s no sugar-coating of what war is like here.
Goldfield’s presentation of post-Civil War America is also graphic. Here’s how our ancestors dealt with Indians:
Some 30 or 40 squaws and children were hiding in a hole for protection. They sent out a little girl six years old with a white flag on a stick. She was shot and killed, all the others in the the hole were killed…I saw quite a number of infants in arms killed along with their mothers. (p. 447) This was a brutal time in our history. America Aflame is one of the saddest books I’ve ever read. GRADE: A